{"id":2378,"date":"2023-05-23T14:44:31","date_gmt":"2023-05-23T11:44:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/?page_id=2378"},"modified":"2023-05-23T14:44:31","modified_gmt":"2023-05-23T11:44:31","slug":"pl-tropicale","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/?page_id=2378","title":{"rendered":"Pl.tropicale"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sectorul Plante tropicale. (s. \u2013 2 500 m) ad\u0103poste\u015fte un genofond de cca 2 500 taxoni, originari din zonele subtropical\u0103, tropical\u0103 \u015fi ecuatorial\u0103 ale Terrei, de pe toate continentele. \u00cen primul compartiment ne este oferit\u0103 posibilitatea de a admira reprezentan\u0163ii ferigilor (Polypodiophyta) \u2013 plante superioare str\u0103vechi, cu frunze deosebite din punct de vedere morfologic. Elementul atr\u0103g\u0103tor al acestor plante este varietatea formei frunzelor, de la simple, cu marginea \u00eentreag\u0103 (Asplenium nidus), p\u00e2n\u0103 la compuse, multifi date (Nephrolepis exaltata).\u00a0Majoritatea au tulpin\u0103 sub form\u0103 de rizom (Cyrtomium falcatus, Polypodium aureum etc.) \u015fi rareori au trunchi lemnos (Blechnum). Frunzele sunt mari \u00een raport cu tulpina \u015fi, la \u00eenceputul dezvolt\u0103rii sunt r\u0103sucite (circinate).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2379\" src=\"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture36.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"228\" height=\"209\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2380\" src=\"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture37.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"231\" height=\"214\" \/><br \/>\nIat\u0103 \u015fi Platycerium alcicorne, epifi t\u0103, originar\u0103 din p\u0103durile umede australiene. La aceast\u0103 form\u0103 distingem dimorfi sm foliar: frunze lungi, divizate, fertile, dup\u0103 form\u0103 se aseam\u0103n\u0103 cu coarnele de cerb de unde \u015fi denumirea popular\u0103 \u201ecoarne de cerb\u201d. Altele \u2013 \u00een pozi\u0163ie bazal\u0103, cu forma auricular\u0103, se usuc\u0103 devreme, facilit\u00e2nd formarea unui sol bogat \u00een humus \u015fi ap\u0103. \u00cen continuare observ\u0103m Selaginella de talie mic\u0103, tulpina t\u00e2r\u00e2toare, ramifi cat\u0103 dihotomic, cu frunze de dimensiuni inegale.<br \/>\nAtr\u0103g\u0103tor este \u015fi n\u0103valnicul (Phyllitis scolopendrium) care spre deosebire de alte ferigi are frunzele sempervirescente, cu limbul foliar \u00eentreg. Dup\u0103 form\u0103 sunt lanceolat-alungite, scurt pe\u0163iolate, cu baza cordat\u0103.<br \/>\n\u00cen aceast\u0103 sec\u0163ie putem admira o varietate bogat\u0103 de Ficus \u015fi Schefl era.<br \/>\nUrm\u0103toarea sec\u0163ie ad\u0103poste\u015fte o bogat\u0103 diversitate de specii \u015fi forme din fam. Araceae (gen. Aglaonema, Anthurium, Philodendron, Rhaphidophora etc.). De exemplu, Monstera deliciosa, lian\u0103 originar\u0103 din America tropical\u0103, admirat\u0103 pentru aspectul frunzelor sale: de dimensiuni mari, pieloase, perforate \u015fi ad\u00e2nc decupate pe margini. Produce o infl orescen\u0163\u0103 spadiciform\u0103 \u015fi un fruct cilindric de cca 15\u201318 cm lungime, comestibil.<br \/>\nOrhideele \u2013 cea mai numeroas\u0103 familie (peste 30 mii specii), datorit\u0103 parfumului, culorii, formei \u015fi m\u0103rimii fl orilor \u2013 sunt foarte atractive \u015fi exist\u0103 un interes pentru a fi\u00a0 introduse \u00een cultur\u0103. Un num\u0103r nu prea mare de orhidee pot fi\u00a0 \u00eent\u00e2lnite \u015fi \u00een serele noastre:<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2381\" src=\"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture38.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"233\" height=\"215\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Paphiopedilum,Cymbidiumetc.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00cen vecin\u0103tate cu orhideele se afl \u0103 \u015fi o bogat\u0103 colec\u0163ie de plante din fam. Bromeliaceae , epifi te din bazinul Amazonului. Impresionant este aspectul decorativ al frunzelor \u015fi infl orescen\u0163ei unor specii \u2013 Aechmea, Billbergia, Nidularium, Pitcairnia, Cryptbergia etc.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2382\" src=\"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture39.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"211\" \/><br \/>\nTe cople\u015fe\u015fte cu frumuse\u0163ea \u201ePas\u0103rea paradisului\u201d (genul Strelitzia), originar\u0103 din regiunea sud-african\u0103. Denumirea ei se datoreaz\u0103 infl orescen\u0163ei, ce are aspect de pas\u0103re \u00een zbor cu o gam\u0103 de culori arz\u0103toare (galben, albastru, alb\u0103 \u015fi verde). Florile apar succesiv, prelungind, \u00een acest fel, perioada de \u00eenfl orire a plantei (Strelitzia reginae; Strelitzia Nicolai).<br \/>\nPutem admira l\u0103m\u00e2iul (Citrus limon), mandarinul (Citrus reticulata) etc. \u2013 plante originare din zona tropical\u0103 \u015fi subtropical\u0103 a Asiei.<br \/>\nDe asemenea, vizitatorii au ocazia de a remarca habitusul \u015fi uneori fructele cu importan\u0163\u0103 alimentar\u0103 recunoscut\u0103 a rodiei (Punica granatum), smochinului (Ficus carica), dafi nului (Laurus nobilis) etc.<br \/>\nImpresioneaz\u0103 prin dimensiunea lor reprezentan\u0163ii fam. Palmae, una din cele mai impun\u0103toare grupuri de plante exotice, monocotiledonate. Caracteristic aspectului acestora este tulpina neramifi cat\u0103, neted\u0103 sau acoperit\u0103 cu resturi de frunze vechi, terminat\u0103 cu un buchet de frunze penate sau palmate. Importan\u0163\u0103 lor economic\u0103 este apreciat\u0103 datorit\u0103 utilit\u0103\u0163ii multilaterale: hran\u0103; lemn de foc;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2383\" src=\"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture40.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"212\" \/><\/p>\n<p>material de construc\u0163ii; fi bre textile etc.<br \/>\n\u00ce\u0163i desfat\u0103 privirea palmierii ornamentali, cu frunze \u00een evantai \u2013 Washingtonia filifera, W. robusta\u00a0originari din California, Phoenix roebelenii cu provenien\u0163\u0103 din India \u015fi China, cu frunze penat-compuse, elegant arcuite, etc.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2384\" src=\"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture41-227x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"227\" height=\"300\" \/><br \/>\nOranjeria Gr\u0103dinii Botanice a A.\u015e.M. ad\u0103poste\u015fte exemplare ale fam. Cycadaceae, forme primitive \u00een cadrul plantelor fanerogame actuale. Cea mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 specie a genului este Cycas revoluta, originar\u0103 din Japonia. Al\u0103turi de aceasta, recunoa\u015ftem o alt\u0103 specie de cicas \u2013 Cycas circinalis. Plantele sunt dioice (cu fl ori femele \u015fi respectiv mascule, pe indivizi separa\u0163i). Aspectul lor general este asem\u0103n\u0103tor ferigilor arborescente: frunzele mari, penate, sunt a\u015fezate \u00een buchet, la v\u00e2rful tulpinii neramifi cate. Aceste specii au ap\u0103rut pe Terra cca 200 mln ani \u00een urm\u0103, este o adev\u0103rat\u0103 fosil\u0103 vie.<br \/>\nAten\u0163ia vizitatorilor este atras\u0103 \u00een sezonul hibernal de reprezentan\u0163ii genurilor Camellia \u015fi Azaleae, care sunt \u00eempodobite cu fl ori de diverse nuan\u0163e \u015fi forme decorative.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2385\" src=\"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture42.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"200\" \/><br \/>\nO alt\u0103 sec\u0163ie ad\u0103poste\u015fte reprezentan\u0163ii fam. Cactaceae, originari din zonele de de\u015fert sau\u00a0semide\u015fert ale Americii de Nord \u015fi Sud, zona mexican\u0103 fi ind cea mai bogat\u0103 \u00een specii. Aspectul, forma \u015fi dimensiunile plantelor sunt \u201eoriginale\u201d, acestea constituind consecin\u0163e ale adapt\u0103rii la condi\u0163iile mediului. Modifi care esen\u0163ial\u0103 suport\u0103 aparatul foliar \u2013 respectiv dispari\u0163ia frunzelor prin transformarea lor \u00een spini; rolul frunzelor este \u00eendeplinit, \u00een principal, de tulpin\u0103. Atrac\u0163ia fa\u0163\u0103 de cactacee este exprimat\u0103 prin preferin\u0163e estetice. Geometria formelor, unele particularit\u0103\u0163i legate de aspectul \u015fi inser\u0163ia spinilor, delicate\u0163ea \u015fi cromatica fl orilor la Astrophytum, Lobivia, Rebutia, Gymnocalycium etc. Aici sunt prezen\u0163i reprezentan\u0163ii genurilor Echinocereus, Echinopsis, Mammilaria etc., de asemenea, cactu\u015fii epifi \u0163i Rhipsalis, Epiphyllum, Zygocactus etc.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2386\" src=\"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture43.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"221\" \/><br \/>\nUrm\u0103toarea sec\u0163ie ad\u0103poste\u015fte plante suculente (grase). Acestea, apar\u0163in diferitor familii botanice, \u00eens\u0103 au caracteristici esen\u0163iale comune: re\u0163in \u015fi acumuleaz\u0103 apa \u00een organele vegetative, reflex impus de adaptare la condi\u0163iile aride de existen\u0163\u0103 \u00een \u0163inuturile de origine.<br \/>\nAici men\u0163ion\u0103m \u015fi reprezentan\u0163ii fam. Crassulaceae, cu frunze groase, aspect c\u0103rnos, adev\u0103rate \u201erezervoare de ap\u0103\u201d, particularitate, care \u00eempreun\u0103 cu alte \u00eenzestr\u0103ri morfoanatomice, le asigur\u0103 rezisten\u0163a la condi\u0163iile neprielnice ale mediului.Reprezentan\u0163ii genului Stapelia atrag aten\u0163ia prin diversitatea formei \u015fi coloritul florilor.Similititudinea cu pietrele reprezint\u0103 o caracteristic\u0103 a plantelor din genul Lithops. Tulpinile sunt scunde, l\u0103\u0163ite, c\u0103rnoase, bilobate, de forma unor pernu\u0163e. Florile, viu\u00a0colorate, au o scurt\u0103 perioad\u0103 de existen\u0163\u0103. Sunt de origine african\u0103. De aceea\u015fi provenien\u0163\u0103 sunt \u015fi alte plante suculente, cu fl ori variate, viu colorate, agreate \u015fi \u00een apartamente: Senecio, Haworthia, Gasteria etc.<br \/>\nSansevieria este o plant\u0103 remarcabil\u0103 prin frunze liniare, rigide, erecte, c\u0103rnoase. Forma \u015fi cromatica acestora, care difer\u0103 la specie \u015fi soi, le confer\u0103 atribute decorative.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2387\" src=\"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Picture44.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"273\" \/><br \/>\nPlantele genului Agave sunt originare din America Central\u0103. Ele de\u0163in frunze c\u0103rnoase dar rigide, cu margini \u0163epoase, dispuse \u00een rozet\u0103 bazal\u0103. Unele specii ale genului constituie o surs\u0103 de produse utile: din frunzele lor (A. fourcroydes, A. sisalana, A. lechuguilla) se extrag fi bre vegetale cu \u00eentrebuin\u0163are textil\u0103; din sev\u0103 se prepar\u0103 b\u0103utur\u0103 sanogen\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sectorul Plante tropicale. (s. \u2013 2 500 m) ad\u0103poste\u015fte un genofond de cca 2 500 taxoni, originari din zonele subtropical\u0103, tropical\u0103 \u015fi ecuatorial\u0103 ale Terrei, de pe toate continentele. \u00cen primul compartiment ne este oferit\u0103 posibilitatea de a admira reprezentan\u0163ii ferigilor (Polypodiophyta) \u2013 plante superioare str\u0103vechi, cu frunze deosebite din punct de vedere morfologic. Elementul&hellip; <br \/> <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/?page_id=2378\">Cite\u0219te mai mult<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2378","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"","author_link":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/?author=1"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":null,"rttpg_excerpt":"Sectorul Plante tropicale. (s. \u2013 2 500 m) ad\u0103poste\u015fte un genofond de cca 2 500 taxoni, originari din zonele subtropical\u0103, tropical\u0103 \u015fi ecuatorial\u0103 ale Terrei, de pe toate continentele. \u00cen primul compartiment ne este oferit\u0103 posibilitatea de a admira reprezentan\u0163ii ferigilor (Polypodiophyta) \u2013 plante superioare str\u0103vechi, cu frunze deosebite din punct de vedere morfologic. Elementul&hellip;&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2378","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2378"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2378\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2388,"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2378\/revisions\/2388"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}