{"id":2389,"date":"2023-05-23T14:46:08","date_gmt":"2023-05-23T11:46:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/?page_id=2389"},"modified":"2023-05-23T14:46:08","modified_gmt":"2023-05-23T11:46:08","slug":"colectia-plante-pomicole-viticole-si-nucifere","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/?page_id=2389","title":{"rendered":"Colec\u0163ia plante pomicole, viticole \u015fi nucifere"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Aplic\u00eend metoda hibrid\u0103rii distante a fost resintetizat prunul de cultur\u0103\u00a0<em><i>Prunus domestica\u00a0<\/i><\/em>(2n=48), \u00een rezultatul \u00eencruci\u015f\u0103rii\u00a0<em><i>Prunus divaricata\u00a0<\/i><\/em>Lebed. (2n=16) cu\u00a0<em><i>Prunus spinosa L.<\/i><\/em>\u00a0(2n=32), astfel confirm\u00eend calea de provenien\u0163\u0103 a prunului de cultur\u0103 &#8211;\u00a0<em><i>Prunus domestica\u00a0<\/i><\/em>(2n=48) (V.R\u00eebin).<\/p>\n<p>Prin aceia\u015fi metod\u0103 au fost antrena\u0163i reprezentan\u0163ii genurilor:\u00a0<em><i>Mallus\u00a0<\/i><\/em>Mill.,\u00a0<em><i>Pyrus\u00a0<\/i><\/em>L.,\u00a0<em><i>Cydonia\u00a0<\/i><\/em>Mill. cu scopul ob\u0163inerii hibrizilor intergenerici \u015fi interspecifici distan\u0163i la plantele pomicole. \u00cen rezultatul \u00eencruci\u015f\u0103rii gutui-m\u0103r a fost creat\u0103 o popula\u0163ie de hibrizi distan\u0163i.\u00a0\u00a0Hibrizii distan\u0163i ob\u0163inu\u0163i reprezint\u0103 interes pentru solu\u0163ionarea problemelor de ordin teoretic \u015fi practic, cum ar fi: eviden\u0163ierea originii soiurilor de plante pomicole, dep\u0103\u015firea periodicit\u0103\u0163ii fructific\u0103rii la m\u0103r, ob\u0163inerea formelor valoroase pe baz\u0103 genetic\u0103 interspecific\u0103 (I. Rudenco, E.Onica).<\/p>\n<p>Efectuate multiple \u00eencruci\u015f\u0103ri directe \u015fi reverse ale nucului comun cu speciile s\u0103lbatice\u00a0<em><i>Juglans nigra, J. mandshurica, J. cinerea<\/i><\/em>, specii care posed\u0103 o rezisten\u0163\u0103 sporit\u0103 la ger, unele boli \u015fi v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103tori, fiind demonstrat c\u0103 nucul comun se \u00eencruci\u015feaz\u0103 mai u\u015for cu speciile est-asiatice (<em><i>Juglans seiboldiana, J. mandshurica<\/i><\/em>) \u00een compara\u0163ie cu cele nord-americane (<em><i>Juglans nigris, J. hindsi<\/i><\/em>). Cercet\u0103rile cariologice asupra nucului au permis a stabili, pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103, num\u0103rul, forma \u015fi m\u0103rimea cromozomilor la\u00a0<em><i>Juglans seiboldiana<\/i><\/em>\u00a0Max.,\u00a0<em><i>J. major, J. hindsii.<\/i><\/em>\u00a0La toate speciile, formele taxonomice \u015fi hibrizii distan\u0163i de nuc s-a constatat num\u0103rul diploid de cromozomi 2n=32. \u00cen baza acestor rezultate a fost \u00eenaintat\u0103 ipoteza potrivit c\u0103reia stabilitatea setului diploid de cromozomi determin\u0103 delimitarea taxonomic\u0103 a fam.\u00a0<em><i>Juglandaceae.<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u00cen rezultatul investiga\u0163iilor au fost create \u015fi omologate dou\u0103 soiuri de nuc \u201eCodrene\u201d \u015fi \u201eLungue\u0163e\u201d (I. Comanici).<\/p>\n<p>Rezultatele cariologice a peste 50 specii s\u0103lbatice din familia\u00a0<em><i>Vitaceae<\/i><\/em>\u00a0Juss. au permis completarea datelor cariologice la 7 genuri din 14 existente ale familiei\u00a0<em><i>Vitaceae<\/i><\/em>\u00a0Juss., eviden\u0163iind num\u0103rul, m\u0103rimea \u015fi morfologia cromozomilor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen baza rezultatelor cariologice, morfologice \u015fi paleontologice a fost elaborat\u0103 o nou\u0103 sistem\u0103 de clasificare a familiei\u00a0<em><i>Vitaceae<\/i><\/em>\u00a0Juss., \u00een care genurile sunt plasate \u00een conformitate cu leg\u0103turile filogenetice, geneza \u015fi dezvoltarea\u00a0\u00a0lor istoric\u0103. (\u015e.Topal\u0103).<\/p>\n<p>Ca rezultat a \u00eencruci\u015f\u0103rilor de mul\u0163i ani a fost \u00eenvins\u0103 incompatibilitatea \u00eentre subgenurile\u00a0<em><i>Euvitis\u00a0<\/i><\/em>(2n=38) \u015fi\u00a0<em><i>Muscadinia\u00a0<\/i><\/em>(2n=40) \u015fi crea\u0163i hibrizi distan\u0163i F<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2013 F<sub>5<\/sub>\u00a0\u00eentre speciile de vi\u0163\u0103 de vie de cultur\u0103 (<em><i>Vitis vinifera\u00a0<\/i><\/em>L.)<em><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/em>\u015fi vi\u0163a de vie s\u0103lbatic\u0103 american\u0103 (<em><i>Vitis rotundifolia\u00a0<\/i><\/em>Michx.). (\u015e.Topal\u0103, E. Alexandrov).<\/p>\n<p>Introducerea plantelor, \u00een general, \u015fi a celor lemnoase, \u00een special, are o vechime multisecular\u0103. La \u00eenceputul sec. XIX se ini\u0163iaz\u0103 fondarea parcurilor publice, ca: \u201eparcul \u015etefan cel mare\u201d, Parcul catedralei\u201d etc., iar la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul sec. XIX \u015fi \u00eenceputul sec. XX se dezvolt\u0103 arhitectura peisagistic\u0103. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 cur\u0163ile boiere\u015fti din mediul rural se fondeaz\u0103 parcuri: Rediu-Mare, Vila-M\u00e2nd\u00e2c, Ivancea, Mile\u015fti, Ghinc\u0103u\u0163i, Temeleu\u0163i, Stolniceni, \u0162aul, fiind plantate diverse specii de arbori \u015fi arbu\u015fti exotici.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen a doua jum\u0103tate a sec. XX se ini\u0163iaz\u0103 lucr\u0103ri planificate privind studierea dendroflorei Moldovei \u015fi introducerea speciilor de plante lemnoase exotice. \u00cen rezultatul cercet\u0103rilor dendrologice a fost elaborat asortimentul de arbori \u015fi arbu\u015fti necesari \u00eentru crearea spa\u0163iilor verzi din localit\u0103\u0163ile urbane \u015fi rurale din Republica Moldova. (P.Leontiev, B.Holodenco, A.Palancean)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aplic\u00eend metoda hibrid\u0103rii distante a fost resintetizat prunul de cultur\u0103\u00a0Prunus domestica\u00a0(2n=48), \u00een rezultatul \u00eencruci\u015f\u0103rii\u00a0Prunus divaricata\u00a0Lebed. (2n=16) cu\u00a0Prunus spinosa L.\u00a0(2n=32), astfel confirm\u00eend calea de provenien\u0163\u0103 a prunului de cultur\u0103 &#8211;\u00a0Prunus domestica\u00a0(2n=48) (V.R\u00eebin). Prin aceia\u015fi metod\u0103 au fost antrena\u0163i reprezentan\u0163ii genurilor:\u00a0Mallus\u00a0Mill.,\u00a0Pyrus\u00a0L.,\u00a0Cydonia\u00a0Mill. cu scopul ob\u0163inerii hibrizilor intergenerici \u015fi interspecifici distan\u0163i la plantele pomicole. \u00cen rezultatul \u00eencruci\u015f\u0103rii gutui-m\u0103r a&hellip; <br \/> <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/?page_id=2389\">Cite\u0219te mai mult<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2389","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"","author_link":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/?author=1"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":null,"rttpg_excerpt":"Aplic\u00eend metoda hibrid\u0103rii distante a fost resintetizat prunul de cultur\u0103\u00a0Prunus domestica\u00a0(2n=48), \u00een rezultatul \u00eencruci\u015f\u0103rii\u00a0Prunus divaricata\u00a0Lebed. (2n=16) cu\u00a0Prunus spinosa L.\u00a0(2n=32), astfel confirm\u00eend calea de provenien\u0163\u0103 a prunului de cultur\u0103 &#8211;\u00a0Prunus domestica\u00a0(2n=48) (V.R\u00eebin). Prin aceia\u015fi metod\u0103 au fost antrena\u0163i reprezentan\u0163ii genurilor:\u00a0Mallus\u00a0Mill.,\u00a0Pyrus\u00a0L.,\u00a0Cydonia\u00a0Mill. cu scopul ob\u0163inerii hibrizilor intergenerici \u015fi interspecifici distan\u0163i la plantele pomicole. \u00cen rezultatul \u00eencruci\u015f\u0103rii gutui-m\u0103r a&hellip;&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2389"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2390,"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2389\/revisions\/2390"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gbni.usm.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}